The Fitzgerald family hailed from western Ireland in County Limerick making the migration in 1840s and 1850s. Cooper Patrick Kennedy of southeastern Ireland County Wexford also came to the United States around this time marrying Bridget Murphy (also hailing from County Wexford) in 1849. Patrick & Bridget were JFK's paternal great-grandparents. Both the Fitzgerald and the Kennedy families navigated the harsh discrimination against Irish-Catholic immigrants in Boston and by the end of the nineteenth century, both of JFK's grandfathers were successful Boston politicians. All four of JFK's grandparents were the children of Irish immigrants instilling a deep connection to their native country's history in the young JFK. Undoubtedly, he took some solace in discovering the Kennedy (Cennetig) translated to 'Ugly Head' when perusing these books, but that sentiment was surely overridden by a swell of pride finding his surname directly linked to that of Brian Boru, the high king of Ireland from 1002 to 1014. When Kennedy took his oath of office his hand was placed on a Bible brought to the US by his ancestors. Speaking during his now famed 1963 trip to Ireland JFK stated "When my great grandfather left here to become a cooper in East Boston, he carried nothing with him except two things: a strong religious faith and a strong desire for liberty. I am glad to say that all of his great-grandchildren have valued that inheritance."